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What is Nordic Noir?

Tor Kjølberg

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November 29, 2024

Nordic Noir, also known as Scandinavian noir, is a genre of crime fiction that originated in the Nordic countries, characterized by its dark, atmospheric tone, morally complex characters, and focus on societal issues. What is Nordic noir? Read on and learn more.

Nordic noir is usually written from a police point of view and set in Scandinavia or the Nordic countries. The genre often employs plain language, avoiding metaphor, and is typically set in bleak landscapes. This results in a dark and morally complex mood, in which a tension is depicted between the apparently still and bland social surface and the patterns of murder, misogyny, rape, and racism the genre depicts as lying underneath. It contrasts with the whodunit style such as the English country house murder mystery.

Scandinavian noir is a global phenomenon, but Nordic comedies are often very difficult to translate. Often set against the backdrop of stark, cold landscapes, these stories delve into the psychological depths of both criminals and detectives, creating a sense of bleak realism.

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Related: Exploring Nordic Noir
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Some of the best known Nordic noir authors include Jo Nesbø from Norway; Henning Mankell, Stieg Larsson and Camilla Läckberg from Sweden; Jussi Adler-Olsen from Denmark; and Arnaldur Indriðason from Iceland. The popularity of Nordic noir has extended to the screen, with TV-series such as The Killing, The Bridge, Trapped, and Bordertown.

Rams is on course to become one of the most critically successful Nordic films ever – after winning the Un Certain Regard prize at Cannes. In a remote Icelandic farming valley, two brothers who haven’t spoken in 40 years have to come together in order to save what’s dearest to them – their sheep. This is a typical example of a Nordic noir film set in harsh and desolate, often snowy landscapes with long winters and isolated areas, contributing to the sense of unease and foreboding.

There are differing views on the origins but most commentators agree that the genre had become well established as a literary genre by the 1990s (see below); Swedish writer Henning Mankell, who has sometimes been referred to as “the father of Nordic noir”, notes that the Martin Beck series of novels by Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö “broke with the previous trends in crime fiction” and pioneered a new style: “They were influenced and inspired by the American writer Ed McBain. They realized that there was a huge unexplored territory in which crime novels could form the framework for stories containing social criticism.

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But Hrutar, or Rams, isn’t the latest success story of Nordic noir – although it’s from Iceland. It’s a tragi-comedy, which its director, Grímur Hákonarson, calls “sad and funny at the same time. We call it ‘gálgahúmor’ in Iceland, or ‘gallows humor’. It’s very typical of Scandinavia.”

Rams, like other Nordic noir stories, explores themes like political corruption, immigration, inequality, and the darker sides of Nordic society, challenging the perception of these countries as utopian. Kerstin Bergman noted that “what made Sjöwall and Wahlöö’s novels stand out from previous crime fiction – and what made it so influential in the following decades – was, above all, the conscious inclusion of a critical perspective on Swedish society.

Swedish producer Gudrun Giddings, who lives in Los Angeles, says her phone has been “ringing off the hook” since 2010 with requests for Nordic talent. Gidding is known as ‘the Scandinavian Whisperer’ for her ability to promote Nordic countries in Hollywood. But when it comes to comedy, her sweet nothings fall on deaf ears, she says. The characters are protagonists, usually detectives or investigators, are flawed and grappling with personal struggles. Villains are rarely one-dimensional, with motives that reflect broader societal problems.

Until the 2010s, the genre had no particular name but was sometimes referred to descriptively as “Nordic crime fiction” or “Scandinavian crime fiction”. Within the Nordic countries themselves, this is still the case. The terms “Nordic noir” and “Scandinavian noir” are used largely interchangeably in English.

Hollywood capitalized on Swedish vampire horror Let the Right One In by remaking it as Let Me In, while even the family film Frozen is based on an old Scandinavian myth. Next tip for the top is Occupied, which debuted on Norway’s TV2 recently and is about the fictional Russian occupation of the country. Also here, the plot emphasizes realism over sensationalism, with a focus on meticulous investigations, psychological depth, and the messiness of real-life outcomes.

Scandinavian noir also owes something to Scandinavia’s political system where the apparent equality, social justice, and liberalism of the Nordic model is seen to cover up dark secrets and hidden hatreds. Stieg Larsson’s Millennium trilogy, for example, deals with misogyny and rape, while Henning Mankell’s Faceless Killers focuses on Sweden’s failure to integrate its immigrant population.

TV producer Johanna Karppinen is a supporting partner of A Finnish Film Affair, an event designed to expand the local industry globally. She thinks sub-titles are comedy’s biggest barrier to an international audience, “because so much of comedy is in the timing and delivery”.

Nordic Noir stands out for blending gripping crime narratives with a somber exploration of human nature and the failings of society, making it both thrilling and thought-provoking.

Mama Gogo, by Fridrik Thor Fridriksson, managed to make a comedy about the onset of Alzheimers in an elderly woman. Norwegian TV series Dag is about a marriage counsellor who thinks everyone should live alone; Rare Exports from Finland in 2010 made a comedy horror out of a Christmas movie about Santa Claus.

In the English-speaking world, the term “Nordic noir” was coined by the Scandinavian Department at the University College of London and gained further usage in the British media in the 2010s beginning with the airing of the BBC documentary called the Nordic Noir: The Story of Scandinavian Crime Fiction. The Guardian also referred to The Killing as Nordic noir.

What is Nordic Noir? written by Tor Kjolberg

Vietnam and Norway – Partners in Energy Transition

Tor Kjølberg

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November 28, 2024

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Vietnam and Norway – Partners in Energy Transition

On September 13, 2023, Norwegian businesses were invited Vietnam to provide their professional experience and create competitive advantages, especially through technology. The initiative was taken by the The Royal Norwegian Embassy in Vietnam and Norwegian Energy Partners in coordination with the Oil, Gas and Coal Department of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Read on and learn more about Vietnam and Norway – partners in Energy Transition.

The participation of the private sector was seen as an important aspect of implementing Power Development Plan VIII and promoting Vietnam’s goal of transitioning from fossil fuels to clean and renewable energy sources.

“Vietnam’s energy industry is constantly growing, but it still faces challenges in terms of energy supply and conversion, while the global energy landscape continues to face many unpredictable fluctuations,” said Ngo Thuy Quynh, deputy director of the Oil, Gas and Coal Department.

Addressing the challenges of the energy industry, PDP8 promotes an equitable energy transition, with specific goals such as 15-20 per cent of renewable energy by 2030 and 80-85 per cent by 2050.

Last month, the Norwegian Embassy in Hanoi launched the Report “Offshore Wind Supply Chain for Fast Track Scenario in Vietnam” and handed it over to Vietnam’s Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT).

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Vietnam’s ambitious goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 has gained momentum through the Just Energy Transition Partnership. During a meeting on September 18 between Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade Nguyen Hoang Long and Norwegian Ambassador Hilde Solbakken in Hanoi, both sides emphasized the critical role of the partnership in advancing clean energy.

“We are very honored to launch this Report with the presence of MOIT Deputy Minister Nguyen Hoang Long”, said Ambassador Hilde Solbakken. “Norway is proud of the cooperation with Vietnam and MOIT in the renewable energy sector, both as a bilateral partner and a JETP member. We hope this Report will be useful to Vietnam and MOIT in designing a roadmap for developing the country’s offshore wind industry and its local supply chain. I believe this would also open new cooperation opportunities for Norwegian and Vietnamese companies”, Ambassador Solbakken continued.

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Ambassador Solbakken commented Vietnam’s commitment to the energy transition and reaffirmed Norway’s dedication to assisting Vietnam in achieving its sustainability goals. This strengthened bilateral cooperation marks a significant step toward a greener future for both nations.

You can download the report here.

Vietnam and Norway – Partners in Energy Transition, Tor Kjolberg reporting

Images © Norwegian Embassy, Hanoi

Swedish Architects Revitalize Gothenburg City

Tor Kjølberg

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November 27, 2024

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Swedish Architects Revitalize Gothenburg City

Swedish architectural company Reflex creates context, experience and builds identity. Located in Stockholm and Gothenburg, the company has architects, interior designers and engineers. Recently the Swedish architects revitalized Gothenburg city by designing Kineum: a high-rise building that revitalizes and brings new interactions to the second largest city in Sweden.

According to the company, it has a big toolbox. The architects are confident in their creative process and methods, but at the same time happy to explore new areas and approaches. They like to sketch by hand and test their ideas in physical models. “We like it when volume and spatiality emerge with depth before our eyes and we can experience the tactility and properties of materials with our fingertips,” the company’s website states.

Kineum, located in the growing sector of Gårda, adjacent to Gothenburg’s city center, consists of 28 stories of a mixed-use program that holds offices, a hotel, a spa, a gym, a conference facilities, and services, Kineum provides a combination of spaces that promote dynamic progress, interesting encounters, and relaxing getaways.

Reflex architects has realized many concept since its inception in 1999. Reform is the company’s interior design studio – a Reflex brand. The company carries out assignments nationally and internationally.

Kineum in Gothenburg acquires its name from the Greek “kinéo” meaning “to set in motion”. The concept – of House in Motion – is founded on the idea of creating a pulse, vitalizing the area, and engaging people. With the seamless combination and interaction of hotel guests, office workers, and spa visitors; Kineum is perceived as always moving and bustling. The building generates day and night traffic flows that promote better connectivity and services to the area. Furthermore, it improves the perception of security in an office district that would otherwise seem dormant after working hours.

Swedish Architects Revitalize Gothenburg City, article continues below the image.

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Constructed with prefabricated concrete slabs and steel frames, the building’s structure holds a cast-in-place concrete core that provides stability and contains the vertical circulation and installations. This free-plan solution allows for the different types of programs to be easily accommodated and adapted. The surrounding façade is built with prefabricated glass and aluminum X-modules. Its design, reminiscent of a fishing net, is intended to celebrate and embrace the traditions of Gothenburg and its close connection to the sea.

Using BREEAM level Excellent as a guide, the project organization is heavily focused on the optimization of the building’s energy use. Kineum combines its unique façade design with high-performance glazing to minimize the building’s need for cooling and optimize sun blockage. In this way, the energy performance of the building is 25% better than national requirements.

In addition, to reduce the climate impact, the cement content in the concrete was reduced, resulting in a carbon dioxide saving of 200 tons and a climate saving of 39% compared to the use of traditional concrete. Kineum is a celebration of movement and human encounters. It answers the post-pandemic challenge of creating attractive workplaces at a time when people are not expected to work in a conventional office environment. Generating an organic exchange between the city and its people, Kineum is a place where people want to work, meet and stay.

Reflex Architects is constantly expanding its portfolio by adding masterpieces of contemporary Nordic architecture, which it perfectly embodies and represents.

Swedish Architects Revitalize Gothenburg City, text description and images (Anton Adielsson) provided by the architects.

Northern Norway Is Preparing for the Northern Lights Tourism

Tor Kjølberg

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November 26, 2024

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Northern Norway Is Preparing for the Northern Lights Tourism

The play of colors in the sky attracts tourists from all over the world to Tromsø. But Northern Lights tourism also has its disadvantages. Now, Northern Norway Is preparing for the Northern Lights Tourism.

The Northern Lights have become Tromsø’s green gold. Tourists come in droves to chase the impressive play of colors in the sky. It has become a separate branch of tourism. The city is transformed into a metropolis with buses and people everywhere. And the result is, among other things, that prices rise.

The Northern Lights can be seen when the sky is clear and dark, and the optimal conditions are usually when the weather is cold and dry. Between mid-September until early April, these conditions might occur in Norway, above the Arctic Circle. If the weather is right, then, you must cross your fingers for a sun storm, sending out some magical particles in your direction.

But tourism focused on the Northern Lights in Northern Norway has both positive and negative impacts. Of course, Northern Lights tourism boosts the local economy, bringing income to remote areas through hotels, tours, restaurants, and shops. It creates jobs and supports local businesses, from tour operators to souvenir shops.

All leading to exorbitant prices for flights and hotel rooms, rental cars are barely affordable. The city center is buzzing with people, they flow in and out of souvenir shops and overpower the Raketten sausage kiosk as soon as it opens. On the way up the Fjellheisen, a favorite vantage point, watch out for groups of Spaniards, Thais and Malaysians waving their selfie sticks.

Tromsø can offer good viewing but on most nights, you will need to head out of town each evening to avoid the light pollution. Be prepared to travel by car or bus each evening to a clear location in the outlying areas. Remember, you can’t take the lights for granted – it is, after all, a natural phenomenon, just like the weather and it requires a collision between electrically charged particles from the sun that enter the atmosphere of the earth for the lights to occur.

But when the Northern Lights occur with their vibrant hues of green, pink, and violet, dancing across the star-studded sky, they create a natural theater of unparalleled beauty. It’s not just a visual experience—it’s an emotional one, where you can’t help but feel connected to the vast universe above.

When English actor Joanna Lumbley came to Tromsø in 2009 to make a BBC documentary about the Eurora Borealis, she burst into a tearful monologue upon seeing the phenomenon.

Traditionally, tourism in Northern Norway was primarily during the summer, but Northern Lights tourism extends the season into fall and winter, helping businesses operate year-round. The dream for many chasing the Northern Lights is to see “dancing red corona”. Because the red Northern Lights are rarer and are therefore higher valued than the green. A corona is when it looks like the Northern Lights explode in a star formation.

Natural wonders, fjords and glaciers, and Northern Lights are the most sought-after search terms when foreigners consider a trip to Norway.

During the Northern Lights tourist season, the days are cold and dark and typically there will be a good cover of snow. To find the best tour to see the Northern Lights during winter, you should think of what you would like to do during the day and go from there. If you would like to meet locals, perhaps join a tour staying with local reindeer herders or a rural farm retreat. If you want to cozy up in a lodge with outdoor hot tubs and luxury living, consider a lodge stay.

Northern Lights tourism offers much more than just Aurora hunting. Depending on your chosen package tour, you could find yourself gliding through snowy landscapes on a dog sledding expedition, where the only sounds are the soft crunch of snow underfoot and the cheerful barks of your faithful husky team. If the luck is on your side, the Northern Lights will make a dramatic appearance, reflecting off the icy waters near the Arctic Circle.

Tourists interested in the aurora borealis often learn about local Sami culture and Arctic wildlife, helping to spread awareness of unique regional cultures and traditions.

So why exactly Tromsø? “For the vast majority, the Northern Lights are just one of several reasons why they come,” says Lone Helle, director of Visit Tromsø-Region. The local tourism manager points out that Tromsø is easily accessible and has many offers. As well as great scenery and a good location in the middle of the Northern Lights oval.

Social media have also contributed to people’s interest in the Northern Lights. In 2013, Magnus Joki Arild started the website Tromsolove to promote the charming sides of Tromsø. The site has gained thousands of followers from all over the world. But he is also aware of the disadvantages of the aurora borealis tourism.

Increased tourism can lead to waste, pollution, and physical damage to fragile Arctic ecosystems. More people traveling by car or plane increases greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to the very climate change that threatens the Arctic environment.

Remote regions, like the areas around Tromsø, have limited infrastructure, and a surge of tourists strains local resources, like waste management systems, fresh water, and medical facilities.

Human presence and associated activities (such as vehicle traffic, noise, and light pollution) affect local wildlife, including reindeer, foxes, and migratory birds.

Over-reliance on winter tourism for the Northern Lights can create economic vulnerability if interest wanes or if unpredictable weather affects visibility.

In the worst instances, rapidly growing tourism can lead to cultural shifts, with local traditions and practices potentially being simplified or commercialized to meet tourist expectations, impacting the authenticity of the culture.

Northern Norway Is Preparing for the Northern Lights Tourism – Conclusion

To maximize benefits and minimize drawbacks, sustainable practices are essential, such as promoting responsible tourism, protecting natural areas, and involving the local community in decision-making. Northern Norway can benefit significantly from this tourism while still preserving its unique culture and environment with thoughtful management.

Northern Norway Is Preparing for the Northern Lights Tourism, written by Tor Kjolberg

An Exploration of Royal Residences: The Rich History Behind Sweden’s Regal Structures

Tor Kjølberg

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November 25, 2024

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An Exploration of Royal Residences: The Rich History Behind Sweden’s Regal Structures

The Swedish Royal Family owns over a dozen palaces and residences throughout the country, from the Royal Palace in Stockholm that serves as the family’s official residence to the private residence of the country’s King and Queen, Drottningholm Palace. Here’s an exploration of royal residences: The rich history behind Sweden’s regal structures.

Each residence boasts a long and rich history in addition to striking architectural details that have stood the test of time. Whether you wish to travel to Sweden to see one of the royal residences for yourself or you’re simply interested in the rich history behind the marvelous structures, there is no shortage of prominent royal structures worth an exploration.

Haga Palace

Constructed in 1802, Haga Palace is located in the Haga Park, Solna Municipality, just north of Stockholm. Constructed between the years 1802 and 1805, the residence has served as the official residence of Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden and her family. Unofficial Royalty details the history behind the unique royal residence, which boasts 1,500 square meters of living space. The palace itself was designed to include separate apartments for the King’s children, though it has seen many residents in its time. For example, it’s noted that in the 1820s, the palace served as the summer home of Crown Prince Oscar as well as Princess Josephine of Leuchtenberg. In the 1860s, the home was renovated for Prince August and Princess Therese of Saxe-Altenburg, who remained there until her death in 1914, highlights Unofficial Royalty.

An Exploration of Royal Residences: The Rich History Behind Sweden’s Regal Structures, article continues below the image.

The Daily Express further details the palace’s origins, noting that it was not initially intended as an official building, but a residence for the King’s children. In fact, it’s noted that the palace was originally called ‘Barns Palais,’ which translates to ‘the children’s palace.’ Although the primary purpose of the structure was to serve as a residence, the Daily Express points out that it was used to house homeless orphans after the First World War. It’s also noted that the palace itself appears much differently than it did in the past due to a 1932 refurbishment. The refurbishment included the installation of modern fixtures, such as fireplaces, bathrooms, and a kitchen remodel, though the building retains its original charm.

Drottningholm Palace

Drottningholm Palace is located on the island of Lovӧn in Ekerӧ, with the Royal House of Bernadotte having made use of the residence since the era of King Oscar Ⅰ (1799-1859). According to the Swedish Royal Court, the current Royal Family moved from the Royal Palace in Stockholm to Drottningholm in 1981. Drottningholm has served as the King and Queen’s private residence ever since, and it’s not difficult to see why. The stunning palace is described by the Swedish Royal Court as “an excellent example of an authentic palace environment from the 17th and 18th centuries,” as it has been well preserved, so much so that it was officially designated as a World Heritage Site in 1991 by UNESCO. In addition to the parks and gardens that surround the palace, the grounds also feature a building known as The Chinese Pavilion, which adds to the property’s historic charm and architectural wonder. To be particular, the pavilion showcases a European Rococo style, though it combined with Chinese-inspired elements for a truly unique appearance.

An Exploration of Royal Residences: The Rich History Behind Sweden’s Regal Structures, article continues below the image.

Drottningholm boasts a long and colorful history — the original palace was constructed in the late 16th century by King Johan Ⅲ for his wife, with the name translating to ‘Queen’s Island.’ Unfortunately, the original structure burned down in 1661, and the palace foundation that stands today was constructed in 1662. According to History Hit, the palace was renovated in the image of Versailles by Crown Princess Louisa-Ulrika in the 18th century, an influence that can still be felt today. In regard to the architecture, UNESCO points out that Drottningholm is representative of 17th and 18th century western and northern European architecture, and was created with strong references to both 17th century French and Italian architecture as well. The gardens, buildings, and original interior furnishings are noted to be particularly well-preserved. To further expand upon the historical significance of the palace’s preservation, UNESCO explains that the Palace Theatre stands as the only surviving 18th century theatre “where the original machinery is still regularly used and the original stage sets are preserved.” History Hit further mentions that while the palace functions as a private residence today, there are some areas that are open to the public for tours, making it a great destination to learn more about the country’s royal history and prominent architecture.

In addition to Sweden’s spectacular mountains and other natural wonders such as the Northern Lights, Swedish architecture is yet another marvel that the country boasts — especially when it comes to the royal residences that can be found. Haga Palace and Drottningholm Palace are just two of many worth the exploration, as the residences boast a spectacular presence that extends well beyond their architecture.

An Exploration of Royal Residences: The Rich History Behind Sweden’s Regal Structures, written dedicatedly for Daily Scandinavian by Karoline Gore. Karoline is a freelance writer from Stoke on Trent in the UK who left the corporate grind when she started a family and has never looked back. She enjoys contributing to a range of online publications on the topics that are important to her.

Feature image (on top) Drottningholm Palace. Photo: Wikimedia Commons

Nordics Join Forces Against Increasing Super Bacteria Resistance

Tor Kjølberg

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November 22, 2024

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Nordics Join Forces Against Increasing Super Bacteria Resistance

Nordic countries co-operate to establish a holistic ‘One Health’ approach across various authorities in health, social services, food, agriculture, and the environment in an effort to address antimicrobial resistance. The Nordics join forces against increasing super bacteria resistance

Antibiotics are used in many different sectors, in everything from human medicine to food production. Meanwhile, antibiotic resistance is increasing. We often talk about reducing the use of antibiotics, but we also need to be able to treat infections. Effective antibiotics are essential for human and animal health, as well as the environment.

“We’re already experiencing challenges in the healthcare system due to bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. Unfortunately, this problem is only expected to get worse if we don’t act. Such resistance is immune to international borders, which is why it’s best we work together within the Nordic Region and beyond. I’ve helped to start up a Nordic collaboration in the area, and I’m delighted that we’ve now jointly decided to step up our efforts so that we in Denmark and the rest of the Nordic Region will be well-equipped going forwards to deal with the growing threat posed by resistant bacteria,” says Sophie Løhde, Denmark’s Minister for the Interior and Health.

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One of the biggest threats to human health

The World Health Organization WHO has classified antibiotic resistance as one of the ten biggest threats to human health globally. The European Commission considers it one ofthe three biggest health threats and, at its general assembly on antibiotic resistance in September, the UN adopted a declaration on how global efforts should proceed going forwards.

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Importance of a Nordic purchasing model

In April, the Nordic ministers for health and social affairs agreed to step up co-operation against antibiotic resistance and continue efforts to create a Nordic model which, among other things, guarantees remuneration for companies that supply antibiotics.

An inter-authority Nordic expert group has now been appointed in the area, which will propose a Nordic model for safeguarding access to effective antibiotics and determine how the Nordic countries should work in this area going forwards.

“A lack of access to antibiotics is a reality in all the Nordic countries, largely because singly they constitute small markets. However, it is hoped that current efforts to strike closer co-operation will ensure better conditions for improving access to antibiotics,” says Jakob Forssmed, Sweden’s Minister for Social Affairs and Public Health

A declaration is expected on 25 November 2024 in conjunction with a Nordic conference for experts in the field where officials, researchers, and manufacturers will come together in an effort to safeguard access to antibiotics in the Nordics.

Nordics Join Forces Against Increasing Super Bacteria Resistance, a press release from Norden.org

Finland’s Security Strategy in Response to the Russia-Ukraine War

Explorers

Tor Kjølberg

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November 21, 2024

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Finland’s Security Strategy in Response to the Russia-Ukraine War

Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, thousands of Finns are learning to fight, mindful of their country’s 1,300km border with its bellicose eastern neighbor. Find out more about Finland’s security strategy in response to the Russia-Ukraine war

Significant changes in Finland have been made to national security with a stronger focus on the hard power attributes of deterrence. This has occurred alongside the strategic minimization of soft power and diplomacy in its engagement with Russia amid the War in Ukraine.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has already been identified by scholars as a turning point in contemporary politics, the impact of which is felt throughout the defense and security environment of all European nations. Finland is no exception, with its security concerns against external threats leading the country to rethink its reasons for previously not adhering to NATO membership.

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The National Defense Training Association of Finland, (MPK) established in 1993, is a national training organization, which trains and educates citizens to be prepared for and to survive dangerous situations in everyday life and under exceptional conditions. With this training, the Finnish government improves and supports the readiness of the Finnish Defense Forces and other authorities under normal and exceptional conditions. It works closely together with other volunteer organizations doing security training, educational and informational work.

When Russia lunched its invasion of Ukraine in 2022, applications to MPK courses grew tenfold. Most of them – many of which charge a 15$ enrollment fee – now sell out for hours. The Ukraine war is the reason for taking part. Courses such as these are a great way to learn basic military skills in a short period of time.

The Russia-Ukraine War has caused Finland to fundamentally shift its national security strategy by increasing the national defense budget and joining the North Atlantic Organization Treaty (NATO) as a full member. This recent development marks the latest dynamic shift in Finland’s post-Cold War security strategy vis-a-vis Russia, which took place across three pivotal eras: 1992-2013, 2014-2022, and the Russia-Ukraine War era.

The effects of the war on Finland’s ‘holistic’ approach to security are still awaiting debate and analysis by academics. Finland’s ‘holistic’ approach to security is an inclusive strategy that integrates military, civil, and societal aspects to ensure comprehensive national security. This model, often referred to as ‘comprehensive security’ has been pointed out by Finland and its representatives for its uniqueness. According to this perspective, Finland’s political choices consider “all security-related elements that, if threatened, could cause serious harm or danger to the public or society.

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The Puolustusvoimat (Finnish Defense Forces) views the MPK as a strategic and operative partner. Despite the latter’s national independence, much of the training takes place on military grounds with military gear. Moreover, most of the courses that MPK runs, are designed in collaboration with the defense forces. The MPK’s mission statement, as defined by Finnish law, is to promote national defense while supporting and improving the country’s military preparedness.

Remarkably, its courses train more than 70,000 participants a year on a budget of just $8m. And these numbers are set to grow.

Since its independence in 1917 from the Russian Empire, Finland has had a strained relationship with its neighbour. Finland’s strategic loss in the Winter War (1939) and the Continuation War (1941-1944), which it fought against Russia’s preceding entity, the Soviet Union (USSR), during World War Two, forced it to take a neutral policy amid the Cold War. To avoid a direct conflict with its grand neighbor and to preserve its independence, Finland successfully balanced its relations with the USSR and the West. The policy was led by Finnish Presidents Juho Paasiviki and Urho Kekkonen, who the Soviets pushed to sign in 1948 the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance (FCMA), a deal known as “Finlandization,” which standardized their relationship. At the same time, Finland had to give up its desire to become part of the pro-West architecture, namely joining the Marshal Plan and the European Union (EU), not to mention the NATO alliance. (A summary by Doron Feldman, a PhD candidate in the School of Political Science, Government, and International Affairs at Tel-Aviv University. Doron is also a national cybersecurity strategies researcher at TAU’s Yuval Ne’eman Workshop for Science, Technology, and Security).

The Finnish model of collective preparedness centers around a so-called ‘holistic approach’ (The Finnish Terminology Centre 2017, p. 15), with comprehensive security as its cornerstone. This entails an ideal situation where all threats aimed at vital societal functions are managed in a unified manner. Moreover, the term ‘comprehensive’ signifies that this model includes all pertinent stakeholders, ranging from individual citizens to governmental authorities (Nilsson and Strömberg 2022).

To properly understand this security model, it is essential to rewind to the beginning of 2022 and reflect on the essence of Finland’s comprehensive security. The primary reference point for understanding this model is the 2017 Security Strategy for Society. Within this Finnish government document, comprehensive security is delineated as the ‘Finnish model of joint preparedness’ (Government of Finland 2017). This model operates on the principle that all public authorities also function as security entities, and therefore collaboration is key to comprehensive security: not only are businesses, non-governmental organizations, and citizens expected to contribute but they are also entrusted with the responsibility of safeguarding vital functions — those crucial for the well-functioning of society, that must be upheld under all circumstances (Government of Finland 2017, pp. 14–24).

“Without the 3,000 unpaid volunteers who run MPK and its exercises, none of this would be possible,” according to Vesa Sundqvist, head of the organization’s Southern Finland District. When Russia attacked Ukraine, public opinion about staying out of NATO in order to avoid provoking its eastern neighbor shifted rapidly. Mandatory national service still enjoys widespread popularity in the country, with surveys indicating that 70% of Finnish citizens would be willing to take up arms, among the highest number in Europe.

Fearing Russia’s aggression could drop Finland into a new armed confrontation with its neighbor, the Niinistö government expanded the 2024 defense budget to €6.2 billion and has planned to acquire advanced weaponry, including F-35 stealth jets at €8.4 billion and Israeli air defense system, David’s Sling. Finland also started building hundreds of kilometers of fencing across its 1,300 km eastern border to prevent Russia from weaponizing the immigration flows against it and bolstering its security relations with the US, the EU, and its Baltic and Nordic allies. Notably, the most critical move was joining as a full NATO member in April 2023. The strategic pivot marked Finland’s final abandonment of its neutral policy and adherence to hard power instruments in its national security strategy. The change was also expressed in the relative shrinking of Finland’s use of soft power and diplomacy in general and vis-à-vis Russia, though it does not mean Finland ultimately gave them away. Finland’s dedication to maintaining a robust national defense and fostering strong alliances with Western partners, along with unwavering support for Ukraine, is expected to persist under the leadership of the recently elected president, Alexander Stubb, who formerly served as the nation’s prime minister and foreign affairs minister. (Doron Feldman)

Since joining NATO in the spring of 2023, Finland’s relationship with the Alliance has undergone significant transformation. Politically, certain nations, particularly the United States, now regard Finland not just as a friendly partner but as a full-fledged ally. With Russia’s aggressive warfare fundamentally altering the security landscape, it’s unavoidable for Finland to reform its comprehensive security model.

Finland’s Security Strategy in Response to the Russia-Ukraine War, written by Tor Kjolberg

The Real Santa Claus Visits Thailand

Tor Kjølberg

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November 20, 2024

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Finnish Ambassador to Thailand has revealed that the original Santa Claus from Rovaniemi, Finland will visit Thailand during the end of this month. The real Santa Claus visits Thailand this year.

The news were shared when the Finnish Ambassador to Thailand, Kristina Kuvaja, participated in the launch of “The World’s Great Celebration” Campaign by Central Pattana. At the same time, Ambassador Kuvaja shared how Christmas is traditionally celebrated in Finland; declaration of Christmas peace, Sauna, lots of food, time with friends and family and Santa or the elves visiting and bringing gifts.

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Related: Have Yourself a Truly Scandinavian Christmas
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As part of Central Pattana’s festive campaign, a lucky draw will offer winners a chance to travel to Finland via Finnair. This opportunity allows winners to explore the beauty of Lapland and visit Rovaniemi, known as the Official Hometown of Santa Claus, with experiences provided by Visit Rovaniemi and Santa Park Arctic World Professionals.

The launch event marks another step in bringing the Christmas spirit to Thailand. Participants are eager to embrace the joy of the season, which is so cherished in Finland. As the festive period approaches, excitement continues to grow for Santa Claus’s arrival and the celebrations that await

The Real Santa Claus Visits Thailand, reported by Tor Kjolberg

The Oldest Portrait Drawing of H. C. Andersen to be Exhibited in Odense, Denmark

Tor Kjølberg

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November 19, 2024

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The Oldest Portrait Drawing of H. C. Andersen to be Exhibited in Odense, Denmark

On his first visit to Rome, 1833 to 1834, H. C. Andersen met the Danish artist Albert Küchler who made the first known portrait drawing of the Danish fairytale king. In 2025, the oldest known portrait drawing of H. C. Andersen is scheduled to be exhibited in Odense, Denmark.

It took a good deal of nail-biting, patience and financial support before Museum Odense succeeded in securing the very special and valuable object for H.C. Andersen’s House – namely the oldest nown portrait drawing of H.C. Andersen, which has been preserved.

On 10 June 2024, the portrait was on offer at the Bruun-Rasmussen art auctions, but the museum lost the bidding and had to see the drawing go to an anonymous, foreign buyer.

When the drawing is now included in H.C. The Andersen collections at Museum Odense it is due to the Cultural Values Committee, which administers the Act on Safeguarding Cultural Values in Denmark, and which since 1987 has had the task of ensuring that rare works of art and cultural objects cannot be taken out of the country without permission.

The foreign buyer of the portrait applied to the Cultural Values Committee for permission to take the drawing out of Denmark, but the committee imposed an export ban when the Cultural Values Committee assessed that Albert Küchler’s portrait drawing of H.C. Andersen should remain in Denmark.

The Oldest Portrait Drawing of H. C. Andersen to be Exhibited in Odense, Denmark, article continues below the image.

Against this background, the buyer chose to accept a purchase offer, which Museum Odense with the support of the New Carlsberg Foundation and the contribution of H.C. Andersen’s Foundation had the opportunity to submit.

In this way, the museum succeeded in the second round in buying the youth portrait of H.C. Andersen and thus ensure that a piece of Danish cultural heritage remains within the country’s borders and not least in public ownership.

When H.C. Andersen arrived in the Italian capital in October 1833, the peer painter was one of those who welcomed him, and during January 1834 Albert Küchler portrayed the 28-year-old H.C. Andersen.

The story of the creation of the drawing is that Albert Küchler executed a portrait in the beginning of January 1834, which today is displayed in the National History Museum at Frederiksborg Castle. On 31 January 1834, he executed a second portrait with silver pen and pencil – or precisely the drawing that Museum Odense has acquired for the collection in H.C. Andersen’s House.

The Oldest Portrait Drawing of H. C. Andersen to be Exhibited in Odense, Denmark, article continues below the image.

The drawing originally belonged to Albert Küchler himself and was later handed over to the Scandinavian Association in Rome, from where it, along with the association’s other friendship portraits, was separated from the collections in 2024 and offered for sale.

Albert Küchler (1803-1886) was a Danish painter associated with the Danish Golden Age. He mainly painted genre works and portraits. He was highly esteemed by his contemporaries but is little known today.

The Oldest Portrait Drawing of H. C. Andersen to be Exhibited in Odense, Denmark, reported by Tor Kjolberg

Sweden Applies for Trademark as the First Country in the World

Tor Kjølberg

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November 18, 2024

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There are eight places in the world called Sweden. Now, Sweden applies for trademark as the first country in the world to avoid travelers ending up in the wrong Sweden.

Sweden is making a bold (and slightly cheeky) move to trademark its name, putting an end to travel mix-ups. The home of cinnamon rolls and fika has applied to the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) to protect its name from international duplicates that might confuse unsuspecting travelers who want to experience the original Sweden and is calling on people around the world to support its application via an online petition.

The trademark application aims to ensure no one packs for the Swedish lakes and forests only to find themselves in a far-off town with the same name but none of the Scandi charm. British travelers have, at some point, been caught out by two places having the same name – from Edmonton in North London versus Edmonton, Canada, to the legendary Liverpool football fans who wound up in Lille, Belgium instead of Lille, France.

Eight places around the world are called “Sweden“. There are also multiple Germanys, dozens of Americas, and 34 Londons globally, so it’s not hard to see why a little brand clarity might be in order. Visit Sweden has decided it’s time to step in and help tourists avoid holiday blunders, so no one packs for the Swedish lakes and forests, only to find themselves in a far-off town.

According to Visit Sweden research, almost half (45%) of travelers in the UK admitted to finding it confusing with destinations having the same names when planning their travels and 7% have even confessed they travelled to the wrong place. With over 7.4 million British travelers interested in Sweden as a travel destination, there’s the potential for over 595,000 travelers to end up in the wrong Sweden.

The study also revealed a large share of younger travelers aged 20-32 support the idea of trademarking names to prevent location mix-ups (54% in the US, 45% in the UK and 44% in Sweden).

https://youtu.be/dOuj8a4GLHU?si=T4-xTcIqDB3Fac11 — Swedish meatballs, mashed potatoes and lingonberry jam.

“It’s flattering that other places want to be called Sweden, but we’d prefer if there was just one. Our Sweden. The one with lakes, islands, forests, and the world’s best flat-pack furniture,” quipped Susanne Anderson, CEO of Visit Sweden. “When people think of Sweden, they should picture our rich landscapes, fika culture, and iconic design, not another city or town that happens to share our name. We want everyone to join us, sign the petition, and help travelers discover the one and only, and original, Sweden.”

Sweden Applies for Trademark as the First Country in the World, information provided by PR Newswire. The author’s opinions and the content shared on this page are their own and may not necessarily represent the perspectives of Daily Scandinavian.

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